Zero Liquid Discharge Market
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a wastewater treatment process that is designed to remove liquid waste from the system. This is done to achieve zero discharge at the end of wastewater management cycle, so that no liquid waste leaves the boundary of the facility. It is a progressive wastewater treatment process that is comprised of reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, evaporation/crystallization, and fractional electro deionization. There are two types of zero liquid discharge systems named conventional ZLD systems and hybrid ZLD systems. Conventional ZLD systems includes falling film brine concentrators, vertical tube vertical tube evaporators (seed slurry concentrators) and non-seeded evaporators, forced circulation crystallizers, horizontal spray film evaporators, filter presses, centrifuges, and drum dryers for sludge dewatering. Moreover, hybrid ZLD systems involves integrated automated system with membrane pre-concentrators, followed by thermal/evaporation technologies. Zero liquid discharge systems are used in various industries such as semiconductors & electronics, healthcare, manufacturing, energy & power, food & beverages, chemicals & oil, and others.
Market Dynamics:
Driver- Inadequate availability of freshwater
The availability of freshwater across the world has decreased significantly. Growing industrialization has led to increased generation of water waste, and thus, increasing water pollution worldwide. Furthermore, stringent regulatory polices enforced by government agencies in developed countries such as the U.S., Canada, and countries in Western Europe has accelerated the adoption of zero discharge systems. Agencies such as Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.), European Water Association (Europe), and India Water Works Association (India) coupled with government authorities are proactively forming regulatory policies, in order to curb water pollution, and this is expected to drive the market growth in the near future.
Restraint- High capital investment and operational costs
Zero liquid discharge systems are based on thermal processes including energy-intensive evaporation processes, in order to recover reusable water from wastewater system. Such systems are custom built according to particular organization’s needs that involves significant amount of investment and operating expenditure. Moreover, spatial constraints hinder the adoption of ZLD systems, especially in smaller industries in emerging economies. ZLD treated water cost three to seven times that of water extracted from the ground or obtained from municipal source, and this is expected to hinder the market growth in the near future.
Opportunity- Growing concerns of disposal brine concentrates into oceans
Disposal brine water concentrates in ocean is a major concerns for governing bodies. Desalination plants produce more brine water. This is expected to offer lucrative opportunities for market players to develop novel techniques, in order to decrease disposal of brine solutions in oceans. It can be done with innovative techniques such as brine incineration, brine evaporation ponds, and others. In brine incineration, brine concentrates are mixed with other solid waste, and are incinerated to evaporate water. The salts in it remain as residual ash that is then further managed.
Trends- Development of cost-efficient technology in ZLD
Novel technologies such as forward osmosis (FO) membranes and electro-separation systems in ZLD systems are introduced to treat brine concentrates with high salinity. The low operating pressure and high cross flow velocity involved in forward osmosis membrane technology provides higher capabilities to perform dissolved solids separation on high fouling streams. By replacing a Membrane Brine Concentrator (MBC) for thermal evaporation, the key intermediary step of the ZLD process could be performed with a membrane technology that provides lower energy consumption, reduced capital cost, improved reliability, and achievement of higher water recovery, and thus, final ZLD step of crystallization operates at lower flow and lower energy.
Key features of the study:
Detailed Segmentation:
Table of Contents
*Browse 24 market data tables and 28 figures on “Global Zero Liquid Discharge Market” - Global forecast to 2030
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