NUCLEAR POWER MARKET ANALYSIS

The first nuclear power plant was constructed in 1951. The world's installed nuclear capacity was 100 GW by the late 1970s. Then, it continued to grow rapidly during the 1980s. By the 1990s, nuclear power plants had reached 300 GW, but public opposition and the Three Mile Island accident led to more stringent regulations. One of the most common types of nuclear power plants is the pressurized water reactor. A pressurized water reactor uses two loops of circulating water to produce steam. The first loop carries very hot liquid water to a heat exchanger. After the water passes through the heat exchanger, it is converted to steam. The steam can then be sent to the turbine section to create electricity. This energy is used to power electric generators.

Market Statistics:

The global nuclear power market is expected to record a CAGR of approximately 1.2% during the forecast period 2022–2030, reaching a nuclear installed capacity of 440.23 GW by 2022 from 389.68 GW in 2021.

North America held dominant position in the global nuclear power market in 2020, accounting for 38.5% share in terms of volume, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific, respectively.

Figure 1. Global Nuclear Power Market Value Share (%), By Region, 2021

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Recent Developments:

1. In May 2021, ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE SA announced that it has submitted its offer to the Nuclear Power Corporation of India to aid in the construction of six nuclear reactors in the Indian state of Maharashtra. EDF will provide engineering studies and equipment for the construction of Jaitapur Nuclear Power Plant.
2. In December 2021, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy announced that it has been selected by Ontario Power Generation as the technology partner for the Darlington New Nuclear Project to be undertaken east of Toronto. GE Hitachi will work with Ontario Power Generation to develop a BWRX-300 small modular reactor at the Darlington site that could be completed as early as 2028.
3. In December 2020, Westinghouse signed a contract with Vattenfall to dismantle reactor at the Agesta nuclear power plant near Stockholm, Sweden. The R3 heavy water reactor supplied electricity and district heating to the Stockholm suburb of Farsta.

Market Drivers:

Growing demand for clean energy is a prime factor driving growth of the nuclear power market. Many nuclear power projects are expected to come up during the forecast period in various countries trying to reduce the dependence on fossil-based power generation and decrease carbon emission.

Increasing expansion of plant with favourable policies is again expected to foster market growth. For instance, in May 2021, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved an application by Dominion Energy's Virginia subsidiary for a 20-year extension to the operating licenses of the twin-unit Surry nuclear power plant. The approval will enable the two pressurized water reactors to operate until 2052 and 2053, respectively. Similarly, the Russian government is extending the operating lifetimes of most of its reactors from 30 years, for another 15 years, or 30 years in the case of the newer VVER-1000 units, with significant upgrades.

Market Restraints:

Intense competition from renewable energy is decreasing FDIs and investments in the nuclear power sector across several regions is expected to hinder market growth. For instance, the South Korean government promised to stop nuclear expansion, and it is focusing on renewables. Japan is still facing the after-effects of the Fukushima nuclear disaster of 2011. It is abandoning plans to restart its older reactors due to public resistance and the expense of upgrading safety

Increasing accidents associated with the nuclear power plant is expected to hamper the market growth. The occurrence of accidents in the past and the long-lasting impact that it can have on human health have made the regulatory bodies stricter in terms of regulations during the construction of nuclear power plants.

Market Opportunities:

Nations across the world are involved in research and developing for generation of IV nuclear energy technologies to promote safety, technical, economical, and environmental advancements in Nuclear energy. For instance, the office of Nuclear energy of THE United States is collaborating with various technological universities as well as through collaboration with industry and international partners like International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for developing 4th generation nuclear energy technologies like Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC), and Advanced Small Modular Reactor (ASMR).

Implementation of government policies and regulations for nuclear waste policies is again projected to offer lucrative opportunities for the market players. For instance, the policy stipulated that the US Department of Energy (DoE) is responsible for disposing of HLW/used fuel, with disposal to commence in 1998. In 2002, the US Senate approved the development of a repository at Yucca Mountain. This plan was then vetoed by the Obama administration and a high-level 'Blue Ribbon' commission was appointed to come up with alternative proposals.

Market Trends/Key Takeaways:

Increasing development of energy policy act due to growing awareness regarding conservation of energy is expected to be major trend in the market. For instance, the energy policy act includes incentives for the domestic nuclear industry, which include Production tax credit (PTC) of 1.8 Cents/kWh for the first 6000 MWe of new nuclear capacity in the first eight years of operation. The extension allows reactors entering service after 31 December 2020 to qualify for the tax credits, and allows the US Energy Secretary to allocate credit for up to 6000 MWe of new nuclear capacity, which enters service after 1 January 2021.

Growing investment in nuclear power generation is expected to propel market growth. For instance, India plans to increase its Nuclear energy power generation to 250GW by 2050. By 2050 it wants to provide 25% of electricity from nuclear power. A three-stage programme is being pursued to develop Nuclear power in India to reach its ambitious targets of nuclear energy.

Figure 2. Global Nuclear Power Market Value Share (%), By Application, 2021

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Competitive Landscape:

1. GE-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Inc.
2. Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
3. STP Nuclear Operating Company
4. SKODA JS AS
5. China National Nuclear Corporation
6. Bilfinger SE
7. BWX Technologies Inc.
8. Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co. Ltd
9. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
10. Bechtel Group Inc.
11. Japan Atomic Power Co.
12. Rosatom Corp.