Fish Vaccination describes the method of inducing defense mechanisms in fish against pathogenic bacteria by exposing them to non-pathogenic forms or microbe components.
The three main ways to administer vaccines are orally, subcutaneously, and intravenously. However, as vaccination is a preventative approach rather than a treatment, only healthy fish should ever be given the shot. The most common fish vaccine types include bacterins, live attenuated, subunit vaccines, and toxoids.
Global Fish Vaccine Market - Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. According to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard by the World Health Organization, over 572 million cases and 6.39 million deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reported till July 29, 2022, across the globe.
Impact of COVID-19 on Demand and Supply of Fish Vaccine
The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdown in various countries across the globe have impacted the financial status of businesses across all sectors including the private healthcare sector. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the entire supply chain of the healthcare industry mainly due to strict lockdown in several regions. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy of various regions across the globe in three main ways; by directly affecting the production and demand of healthcare products; by creating disruptions in distribution channels; and by affecting companies and various markets financially. Several countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore are facing problems with regard to the transportation and distribution of healthcare products.
According to a study published by ScienceDirect in September 2021, the aquaculture and fisheries sector especially in developing countries such as Bangladesh is believed to have been severely affected by the COVID-19. The study included online questionnaire surveys, face-to-face and telephonic interviews, and focus group discussions during June to November 2020. The study revealed some positive impacts on ecosystem and fish stock (e.g., increase in fish stock) due to less disturbance of fishing activities, but have not brought any benefit to fishermen as the fisheries sub-sectors are affected differently by the pandemic. There are disrupted transportation systems and increased transportation costs (around 20 – 60% higher than normal), more input and maintenance costs, and less demand for/and decreased market price of fish.
| Report Coverage | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Base Year: | 2021 | Market Size in 2022: | US$ 249.20 Mn |
| Historical Data for: | 2017 to 2020 | Forecast Period: | 2022 to 2030 |
| Forecast Period 2022 to 2030 CAGR: | 6.5% | 2030 Value Projection: | US$ 413.41 Mn |
| Geographies covered: |
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| Segments covered: |
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| Companies covered: |
HIPRA, VETERQUIMICA SA, Ictyogroup, Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc., Vaxxinova International BV, Barramundi Group, Merck & Co., Inc., Zoetis Inc., KBNP, INC., Aqua Vet S.A., and NISSEIKEN CO., LTD |
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| Growth Drivers: |
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| Restraints & Challenges: |
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The global fish vaccine market is estimated to be valued at US$ 249.20 Mn in 2022 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 6.5 % over the forecast period (2022-2030).
Figure 1: Global Fish Vaccine Market Share (%) Analysis, By Vaccine Type, 2022
Advantages of fish vaccination over antibiotics and the economic benefits of fish vaccines are expected to drive the global fish vaccine market growth over the forecast period.
The increasing use of vaccines over antibiotics by fish farmers is expected to drive the growth of the global fish vaccine market over the forecast period. For instance, according to the Vaccine Journal of Veterinary Science & Veterinary Science & Technology: (2018), the following table shows the advantages of vaccines over antibiotics in fish farming:
| Antibiotics | Vaccines | |||
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| Disadvantages |
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Business Expansion by Market Players
Key players are engaged in expanding their presence in other countries, which is expected to increase their customer base. It will also aid in driving the growth of the global fish vaccine market over the forecast period. For instance, in 2018, Zoetis, Inc., a global animal health company, announced the start of the construction of a manufacturing and supply and research and development center in Suzhou, China, for the development and production of vaccines for swine, cattle, and fish that help protect against the strains of diseases prevalent in China.
Global Fish Vaccine Market - Restraint
Factors causing failure in the efficiency of fish vaccination is expected to be major restrain for the market growth.
| Vaccination Failure due to Characteristics of Vaccine | Vaccination Failure due to Vaccine Reconstitution and Administration | ||
| Out-of-date vaccine is administered |
Lyophilized vaccine is reconstituted with inappropriate diluent |
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| The vaccine is stored at incorrect temperature, which leads to the loss of potency |
The vaccine is administered through the different route of administration other than those required for the vaccine to be effective |
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| The vaccine on exposure to sunlight leads to the partial inactivation |
Improper distribution of aerolized vaccine among animals such as fishes |
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| The vaccine is ineffective. Thus, it is not capable of inducing any protective immunity |
Contamination of vaccine containers due to the use of unsterilized equipment |
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| Wrong strain or serotype of pathogen is used for developing the vaccine |
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| Death of the live vaccine | |||
Global Fish Vaccine Market – Regional Analysis
On the basis of region, the global fish vaccine market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa.
North America is expected to exhibit lucrative growth opportunities for the fish vaccine market, owing to increasing product launches or approvals of vaccines in the region. For instance, in November 2019, MSD Animal Health, a division of Merck & Co., Inc. which is headquartered in the U.S., launched a new vaccine AQUAVAC Strep Sa-Si to protect against streptococcosis in fish. It is indicated for the active immunization of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and other susceptible fish species, in order to reduce mortality and disease due to streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (serotype Ib) and Streptococcus iniae.
Moreover, Europe fish vaccine market is expected to witness significant growth in the near future, owing to rising government initiatives for animal welfare in this region. For instance, on March 29, 2022, the European Union (EU) and European Investment Fund (EIF) entered into partnership and initiated a new US$ 539.5 million dedicated equity initiative for the blue economy and aquaculture under InvestEU at the BlueInvest days 2022 in Brussels. The BlueInvest initiative will continue beyond 2022 until 2026.
Figure 2: Global Fish Vaccine Market Value (US$ Mn), by Region, 2022
Global Fish Vaccine Market – Competitive Landscape
Major players operating in the global fish vaccine market include HIPRA, VETERQUIMICA SA, Ictyogroup, Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc., Vaxxinova International BV, Barramundi Group, Merck & Co., Inc., Zoetis Inc., KBNP, INC., Aqua Vet S.A., and NISSEIKEN CO., LTD.
Due to excessive stocking densities, low oxygen levels, poor water quality, and high pathogen loads, the fish culture environment, whether it be in tanks, cages, ponds, seawater, or freshwater, can stress the fish. As a result, farmed fish are more susceptible to infectious diseases than farmed animals. These illnesses could have bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic causes. The most effective defense against viral and bacterial illnesses is vaccination. In the fight against infectious illnesses, vaccine has been a crucial instrument for the livestock, pig, poultry, and salmon industries.
Market Dynamics
Market players are focused on strategies such as acquisitions, which is expected to drive the growth of the global fish vaccine market over the forecast period. For instance, in December 2018, Phibro Animal Health Corp., a manufacturer of vaccines and medicated feed additives, acquired aquaculture vaccine maker KoVax Ltd. The acquisition strengthened the position of Phibro Animal Health Corp. in fish vaccine innovation and expanded its portfolio of aquaculture products.
Increasing research and development activities related to fish vaccine is expected to fuel the growth of the global fish vaccine market. For instance, in 2018, Lumen Bioscience, a biotechnology company, initiated the next phase of a project to develop an oral vaccine, in order to protect farmed salmonid fish such as trout and salmon from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In the same year, the company received a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Market players are engaged in inorganic activities such as partnerships, which is expected to augment the global fish vaccine market growth over the forecast period. For instance, in 2017, Barramundi Group, a marine health company, entered into partnership with WWF-Singapore (World Wide Fund) to improve its Singapore farm sites in view of adding the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) standard to its list of accolades. Under this agreement, WWF-Singapore will provide advice and guidance in terms of the implementation of the aquaculture improvement work plan, as well as mark out milestones to address gaps between current practices and the ASC standard.
Key features of the study:
Detailed Segmentation:
“*” marked represents similar segmentation in other categories in the respective section.
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